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What is Allergy.
An allergy is a reaction of your immune system to something that does not bother most other people. People who have allergies often are sensitive to more than one thing.
How do you get allergies?
Scientists think both genes and the environment have something to do with it. Normally, your immune system fights germs. It is your body’s defense system. In most allergic reactions, however, it is responding to a false alarm. Allergies can cause a runny nose, sneezing, itching, rashes, swelling or asthma. Symptoms vary. Although allergies can make you feel bad, they usually won’t kill you.

Types Of Allergies.
Skin Allergy.
The skin forms an effective barrier to the entry of most allergens, but can be breached by local injection of small amounts of allergen, foe example by a stinging insect.

The entry of allergen causes a localized allergic reaction. Local mast-cell activation in the skin leads immediately to a local increase in vascular permeability, which causes extravasations of fluid. The mast cell activation also stimulates a nerve axon reflex, causing the vasodilatation of surrounding coetaneous blood vessels. The resulting skin lesion is called a wheal-and flare reaction. About 8 hours later, a more widespread and sustained edematous response appears in some individuals as a consequence of the late-phase response. A disseminated form of the wheal-and-flare reaction, known as urinary or hives, sometimes appears when ingested allergens enter the bloodstream and reach the skin. Histamine released by mast cells activated by allergen in the skin causes large, itchy red swellings beneath the skin.

Food Allergy.
When an allergen is eaten two types of allergic response are seen. Activation of mucosal mast cells associated with the gastrointestinal tract can lead to transepithelial fluid loss and smooth muscle contraction, generating vomiting and diarrhea In addition, connective tissue mast cells in the deeper layers of the skin are also activated, presumably by IgE antibodies binding to the ingested and absorbed allergen borne by the blood, resulting in urticaria.

Smoke Allergy.
Cigarette smoke contains a number of toxic chemicals and irritants. People with a cigarette smoke allergy may be more sensitive to cigarette smoke than others, and research studies indicate that smoking may aggravate allergies. Smoking does not just harm smokers but also those around them. Research has shown that children and spouses of smokers tend to have more respiratory infections and asthma than those of non-smokers. In addition, exposure to secondhand smoke can increase the risk of allergic complications such as sinusitis and bronchitis.

Dust Mite Allergy.
Dust mite allergy is an allergy to a microscopic organism that lives in the dust found in all dwellings and workplaces. Up to 10 percent of people have duct Mite Allergy.

Pet Allergy.
Many people think that pet allergy is provoked by the fur of cats and dogs. Researchers have found, however, that the major allergens are proteins in the saliva. These proteins stick to the fur when the animal licks itself. Urine is also a source of allergy-causing proteins, as is the skin. When the substance carrying the proteins dries, the proteins can then float into the air. Cats may be more likely than dogs to cause allergic reactions because they lick themselves more, may be held more, and spend more time in the house, close to human. Some rodebts, such as guinea pigs and gerbils, have become increasingly popular as household pets. They, too, can cause allergic reactions in some people, as can mice and rats. Urine is the major source of allergens from these animals.

Pollen allergy.
Pollen allergy is a type of seasonal allergic rhinitis that typically occurs in the spring, summer, and fall when pollen grains are released from trees, weeds, and grasses. Of all the different types of allergies, pollen is one of the most common. Although preventive measures can be taken for other types of allergies — such as foods, animals, and medicines this type is more difficult to prevent and avoid because there is no easy way to avoid airborne pollen.

Cockroach Allergy.
Cockroaches are one of the most common and allergenic of indoor pests. They are commonly found in crowded cities and in the southern United States. Certain proteins in cockroach feces and saliva can also be found in house dust.

Latex Allergy.
Latex gloves have proved effective in preventing transmission of many infectious diseases to healthcare workers. But for some workers, exposure to latex may result in allergic reactions. Reports of such latex allergies have increased in recent years — especially among healthcare workers.

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